Foot in Mouth Disease

Submitted by Emilee Cramer, University of Tennessee

Trivia Results

Congratulations to Maryella Cohn, Louisiana State University for being The Vet Gazette 60:1 Trivia Winner!

Q: How many bones do sharks have?

A: Sharks have no bones!

Caption Contest

Thanks to Tara Barron of Lincoln Memorial University for sharing this funny line to our 'Caption This!' contest. Photo submitted by Shannon Freyer of The University of Minnesota.

"Mom, please return it"

Veterinary Research Highlight

A paper published in The Equine Veterinary Journal submitted by Madison Dedman, Lincoln Memorial University

Using mycobacterium cell wall fraction to decrease equine chorionic gonadotropin after abortion

Carleigh E. Fedorka, Maria R. Schnobrich, Natacha D. Muderspach, Kirsten E. Scoggin, Madison T. Dedman, Kelly E. Weigle, Mary G. May, Heidi Twist, Cara R. Linse, Robert H. Douglas, Mats H. T. Troedsson

Abstract

Background: Equine embryonic loss following the development of endometrial cups delays return to cyclicity due to the production of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Natural degradation of endometrial cups coincides with an influx of immune cells at 100–120 days of gestation, but therapeutic stimulation of reduced eCG production

has been relatively unsuccessful. Recently, we observed an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine production following the use of the immunostimulant mycobacterium cell wall fraction (MCWF).

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of hysteroscopic-guided injection of MCWF on the accelerated decline of eCG secretion.

Study design: In vivo experiment.

Methods: Mares were pharmacologically aborted at 40–45 days of gestation, and then divided into groups: MCWF-treated (6 mg MCWF suspended in 20 mL LRS; n = 10) and Control (20 mL LRS; n = 6). Five days after abortion, hysteroscopic-guided injection of endometrial cups was performed, with 1 mL of volume placed into each visible endometrial cup. This was repeated 7 days later. Trans-rectal ultrasonography was performed to monitor ovarian activity, and serum was obtained to assess eCG and cytokine concentrations.

Results: Concentrations of eCG decreased in the MCWF-treated group (p < 0.01) with a significant suppression noted as early as 14 days after onset of treatment and remained suppressed for the duration of the study. This coincided with an increase in peripheral IFN-γ (p < 0.01) and IL-1β (p < 0.01) concentrations. Eight out of ten MCWF-treated mares (80%) developed pre-ovulatory follicles, in comparison to 2/6 controls (33%). A pre-ovulatory follicle was noted 23 ± 4 days after onset of treatment.

Main limitations: No pregnancy data was obtained following treatment.

Conclusions: This is the first report of a treatment for the accelerated reduction of eCG following abortion. Stimulation of this process allowed mares to develop a pre-ovulatory follicle within a month of MCWF treatment onset, granting repeat attempts at breeding within the confines of a single breeding season.

Photography

Submitted by Yuhui Yang, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies